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The Three Kingdoms Period (57 B.C. - A.D. 676) Goguryeo Kingdom(37 B.C. - A.D. 668), Baekje Kingdom(18 B.C. - A.D. 660) ,
Silla Kingdom(57 B.C. - A.D. 676)
4. The Inroads into Foreign
Nations by the Three Kingdoms and Cultural
Exchanges |
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(1)
Political Advances
by Paekche |
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Among the Three Kingdoms,
Paekche was the most active
in making advances abroad. In
the mid-4th century, when Dong-Jin
was weakened, Paekche advanced
to Liaoxi and Shandong of China,
and it also made inroads into
many parts of Kyushu, Japan.
Through these activities, for
a time Paekche formed a large
sphere of influence connecting
the peninsula with Liaoxi, Shandong
and Japan.
However, after the 5th century,
with the southward push of Koguryo
and Chinese resistence, Paekche's
influence was weakened.
The Kingdom of Kaya also, early
on, advanced to Japan. In various
areas of Japan, the activities
of Paekche and Kaya are noticeable
and Koguryo also left footprints
of their activities in Japan.
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(2) Monks' Study
and Their Activities in China
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After the introduction of Buddhism,
many monks of the Three Kingdoms
went to China to study, and
some even travelled to India.
A Koguryo monk named Sungnang
grasped the esoteric meanings
of Buddhism and trained a large
number of students in China
to become harbingers of Sanlunzong
of China.
Kyomik of Paekche under the
reign of King Song traveled
to India and brought back Buddhist
books and translated them together
with other monks.
In Shilla, monks studying abroad
were also very fashionable.
All of the high monks of Shilla
except Wonhyo learned the Buddhist
canon in China. Among them,
Won'gwang and Chajang, after
returning home, contributed
greatly to the promotion of
important state policies.
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(3) Emigration
of People of the Three Kingdoms
to Japan |
The history of ancient
Northeastern Asian
society, generally
speaking, flows
from the continent
toward the ocean,
and from cultural
highlands to the
lowlands. Riding
on this current,
during the prehistoric
age Korea introduced
metal civilization
to Japan and taught
them rice farming.
Upon entering the
age of written history,
many people journeyed
across to the Japanese
archipelago. The
Japanese called
these people Toraijin
(those from the
Three Kingdoms)
and greatly welcomed
them for they brought
with them advanced
skills and cultures
to help civilize
ancient Japan. As
conflicts among
the Three Kingdoms
intensified and
social confusion
increased, a considerable
number of people
emigrated to Japan.
These emigrants
resided in groups
in the Yamato district
in the heart of
Japan as an influencial
force of the times,
taking charge of
political and cultural
activities in Japan.
They displayed their
ability to develop
underdeveloped areas.
The useable wilderness
and swamps of Musashino
in today's Tokyo
are the gifts of
immigrant groups
from Koguryo under
the leadership of
Yakkwang (Wakamitsu).
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(4)
Diffusion of Cultures
of the Three Kingdoms
to Japan |
The
cultures
which
were
developed
during
the
Three
Kingdoms
period
were
propagated
to Japan
and
greatly
influenced
the
formation
and
development
of ancient
Japanese
culture.
Especially,
the
Paekche
culture
influenced
the
development
of the
Asuka
culture.
Ajikki
and
Wang
In of
Paekche
taught
Chinese
characters
to the
Japanese,
and
Tan
Yang-i
and
Ko An-mu,
among
the
five-classic
scholars,
taught
Confucianism
in Japan.
Under
the
reign
of King
Song,
Norisach'igye
was
sent
to Japan
to introduce
Buddhism
with
Buddhist
images
and
sutras.
From
Paekche,
monks,
temple-building
architects
and
Buddhist
art
manufacturers
were
sent
to influence
the
development
of Buddhism
and
culture
in Japan.
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<===
Gilt-bronze
image
of
a
seated
Maitreya,
deep
in
thought.
Designated
National
Treasure
No.
83.
|

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Wooden
image
of
Maitreya.
Property
of
the
Kwangboksa
Temple
in
Kyoto,
Japan.
Designated
Japanese
National
Treasure
No.
1.
===>
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Tamjing
of Koguryo
taught
literature
and
painting
in Japan.
The
fresco
in the
Golden
Hall
of Horyuji
Temple,
of which
Japan
is proud,
is believed
to have
been
painted
by him.
The
Koguryo
monk
Hyeja
and
Paekche
monk
Hyech'ong
became
the
royal
tutors
of Crown
Prince
Shotoku
and
led
the
spread
of Buddhism
in Japan.
The
frescos
in the
Takamatsu
old
tomb
best
display
the
relationship
between
Koguryo
and
ancient
Japan.
Particularly
Paekche,
among
the
Three
Kingdoms,
introduced
many
kinds
of learnings
and
technology
to Japan
and
became
the
driving
force
of the
golden
age
of the
Asuka
culture.
ÀÚ·á
Á¦°ø
: Radio
Korea
International
Korean
Broadcasting
System
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